Class 12 Chemistry Part 2

Classification and naming of halogen compounds, the polarity of the carbon halogen bond, preparation from alcohols and hydrocarbons, SN1 and SN2 mechanisms with their stereochemistry, elimination, Grignard reagents, the low reactivity of haloarenes, and the uses and hazards of polyhalogen compounds.

Classification and naming of alcohols, phenols and ethers, the shape of the carbon oxygen bond, preparation from alkenes, carbonyl compounds, haloarenes and cumene, acidity and hydrogen bonding, and the main reactions with their mechanisms.

The structure and naming of carbonyl compounds, preparation from alcohols, alkynes and acid chlorides, the nucleophilic addition mechanism, aldol and Cannizzaro reactions, oxidation and reduction, and the acidity and reactions of carboxylic acids.

Classification, naming and structure of amines, the pyramidal nitrogen and its inversion, physical properties and hydrogen bonding, preparation routes including Hofmann bromamide and Gabriel synthesis, basicity and its trends, and the reactions of amines and diazonium salts.

Carbohydrates and their reactions, the structure and classification of proteins with the levels of protein structure, enzymes, the vitamins and their deficiency diseases, and the structure and function of nucleic acids including the DNA double helix.