Class 8 Mathematics Part 2

Percentages as fractions, comparison, increase and decrease, profit and loss, discount, successive changes, simple and compound interest, with a mixed practice page and every Figure it Out exercise.

Baudhayana's Sulba-Sutra constructions for doubling and halving a square lead to the Baudhayana-Pythagoras theorem, integer triples and the irrationality of the square root of 2. Fermat's Last Theorem closes the chapter.

This chapter extends proportional reasoning to multi-term ratios, division of a whole, map scales and pie charts, and then introduces inverse proportion. Worked examples from batter, paint, concrete, maps and pie charts are followed by every Figure it Out question, solved with full working.

Self-similar fractals and their counts and areas, solids and their faces, edges and vertices, nets, shortest paths on a cuboid, projections and isometric drawings.

Mean and median as measures of centre, dot plots and frequency tables, what changes the mean, and reading line graphs to describe data over time.

Using algebra to explain and invent number tricks: think-of-a-number and date tricks, number pyramids, calendar and algebra grids, largest-product puzzles and divisibility tests.

Area as a count of unit squares, the rectangle, triangle, parallelogram, rhombus and trapezium formulas, dissection methods, polygons split into triangles and real-life area units.